Institute for Internet Policy & Law @ Beijing Normal University

2021年12月10日，中国知网（Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure）主办单位发出《关于“赵德馨教授起诉中国知网获赔”相关问题的说明》，对该电子杂志社取得赵德馨文字作品信息网络传播权过程中存在的工作不足，向身为作者的赵德馨致歉。 在道歉的同时，知网主办单位也向公众解释了现行的免费政策，表示自2019年起已开通作者服务平台，所有作者一经实名注册，即可无限期免费使用自己的作品。

该案引发社会各界热议之时，互联网实验室等单位于12月12日14点主办了第226期数字论坛暨“科技期刊平台的知识共享与反垄断”专家研讨会，数十位专家从不同角度分析论述了该案涉及的问题，并进行了热烈的讨论。

薛虹教授受邀作主题发言，观点发表于《长江日报》2021年12月21日。

薛虹教授首先发言，阐述了20年之前兴起的开放访问学术期刊运动，28%的同行评议国际学术期刊（11000多种）已经采取开放访问的政策，已经有3500多个开放访问期刊数据库。在尊重作者权利与选择的前提下，为了保障公众获取知识与信息的目的，出版商的利益受到适度的限制，收取高昂订阅费的模式受到强烈批评，不应继续成为作者与公众之间的科学知识传播的障碍。薛教授指出，2021年11月底，联合国教科文组织发表了关于开放科学的建议，希望成员国在国内法律政策中施行。我国积极参与该建议的起草与发布，并郑重签字实施。开放科学出版（包括开放访问学术期刊）是开放科学的重要内容。在非营利性、学术性与科学群体主导的原则目标之下，开放科学知识基础设施应由政府或公共部门投资，并由科学群体管理与所有。就开放科学出版而言，应在科学论文发表后立即由公众可及、可访问与可使用的网络平台予以提供，保证公众自由获取、传播与保存。所谓付费使用的模式，与教科文组织的建议明显不符，违背开放科学的精神。CNKI应如其名，真正成为国家知识基础设施，而非营利性的机构。薛教授总结称，科学作者是创造的源泉，广大公众有获取科学知识的热望，从中赚取差价的中间商牟利的空间应被压缩，让科学知识方便地服务于社会。但是，CNKI本身的模式并非第三方平台，其本身销售商品或服务，属于B2C、B2B模式，因此，反垄断不应按照平台经济处理。

On November 24, 2021, the second iGLIP on ODR virtual meeting was successfully held. The theme of the meeting was the stocktaking of recent developments with regard to online platforms for trade and their linkage to dispute resolution, and online platforms for dispute resolution purposes.  The meeting was opened by Ms Teresa Cheng, SC, Secretary for Justice of the Hong Kong SAR, and Ms Anna Joubin-Bret, Secretary of UNCITRAL.  Two roundtable discussions were then held, the first on platforms for international trade and their linkage to dispute resolution. More than 20 experts from China, Japan, Sweden, Australia and other countries and regions, along with Mr Jae Sung Lee, Legal Officer of UNCITRAL, participated in the meeting.

The experts discussed the Working Draft Outline for Instrument on “Access to Justice and the Role of Online Dispute Resolution. Prof. Xue joined the discussions and primarily commented on “Minimum Core Standards for the ODR Process”. Regarding full spectrum of ODR services, Prof. Xue concerned that most existing services cannot meet this standard. In addition, Prof. Xue questioned the necessity of the standards that “ODR process should be final and enforceable” because many successful services have no finality. Prof. Xue suggested the standard that “ODR providers and ODR platforms must operate with independence, neutrality, and impartiality” be substantiated and elaborate whether institutional independence should be added into it.

UNCITRAL will continue to engage with the experts and prepare an outline of a text that would address the issues arising from technology-related disputes, which can be presented to the Commission for its consideration in 2022.

The UNCITRAL Working Group IV (e-commerce), composed of all States members of the Commission, held its sixty-second session from 22 to 26 November 2021 through virtual meetings 5.5 hours every evening (UTC +8:00 Beijing time) Arrangements were made to allow delegations to participate in person at the Vienna International Centre and remotely. Prof. Xue led the delegates of CIETAC joined the WG meetings and took part in discussion of the draft Provisions on the Use and Cross-border Recognition of Identity Management and Trust Services.

The Working Group focused the discussions on the issues of terminology, trust services, liability, and cross-border recognition. Substantial progress was made in the consideration of those issues.

Regarding terminologies, the item of relying party is added along with other terms. The WG spent a long time to discuss the definition of e-ID and its correlation with authentication. Actually it refers to a process to achieve authentication, rather than the assured outcome. The WG clarified that it should be “e-ID services” not “systems” that should be used in the provisions. The WG discussed in-depth about liability of e-ID service providers and roughly agreed to add a paragraph on liability to relying party. With respect to subscribers’ obligation of notification of service providers, Prof. Xue suggested following modification, i.e. “the subscriber knows that the its access and use of the trust service has been compromised”. Cross-border recognition was another hotly debated issue. In conclusion, CB recognition can be achieved through either recognition ex ante or through ex post conclusion that the method used by the foreign trust service offers at least an equivalent level of reliability.

The draft Provisions are expected to be submitted to the Commission for discussion and approval in 2022.

In her second-term of the Deputy Director of Online Dispute Resolution Center of CIETAC, Prof. Xue joined the Director’s meeting on November 29, 2021, along with the Director Mr. Wang and Deputy Director Mr. Wang. The three Directors analyzed the current situation of the ODR Center and assessed the challenges and opportunities of domain name disputes. The Directors approved the new list of Panelists for domain name dispute resolution at CIETAC/ADNDRC Beijing Office. Some new blood was introduced into the list to make it more internationalized. The Center will continue to deploy the dispute resolution cloud system to improve efficiency and efficacy. The ADNDRC Annual Meeting 2022 will be organized in Beijing and expected to be an important media exposure. All the Directors looked forward to working closely next year.

Beijing Normal University Global Development Strategic Partnership Project

International Expert Virtual Lecture Series (Lecture 3)

In memory of 2021 UNCITRAL Asia Pacific Day

Date：2021年11月16日/16 November 2021，Beijing time 18:00-21:00 (UTC +8:00)

Zoom Virtual Conference System

Conference ID：813 625 96075

Passcode：191788

Link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81362596075

主持人/Moderator：Prof. Hong Xue, PI of International Trade Law Research and Development, Beijing Normal University Global Development Strategic Partnership Project

Keynotes:

Prof. Hong Xue, Briefing on UNCITRAL’s and RCAP: new laws, projects and initiatives

Prof. Hong Xue, Analysis and Digestion of Google and Oracle Case

Prof. Avv. Gustavo Ghidini, Emerito dell’Università’ degli Studi di Milano, Senior Professor di Diritto Industriale nell’Università’ LUISS di Roma, Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property

2021年11月16日互联网政策与法律研究中心主办的北京师范大学全球发展战略合作伙伴项目外国专家网络讲座第三讲隆重举行，来自五个国家三大洲的北师大法学院20多位中外研究生、国际交换生参加了讲座。互联网政策与法律研究中心薛虹教授主持讲座。两位主讲人分别是薛教授与米兰大学终身教授、罗马路易斯大学工业产权法资深教授古斯塔夫.格第尼教授。

薛虹教授首先介绍了UNCITRAL第4工作组正在进行的关于电子身份与可信服务的立法工作的主要内容及未来发展，讲解了与RCAP的密切合作。

薛教主题演讲题目为“谷歌诉甲骨文版权侵权案件剖析”。薛虹教授从中国版权法和美国法律的视角深刻剖析了谷歌诉甲骨文版权侵权案的法院判决。案件的焦点问题在于应用程序用户界面是否具有可版权性以及谷歌行为是否构成合理使用。美国最高法院依据该国法律的四要素判断标准认定谷歌复制甲骨文代码的行为属于合理使用。作为大陆法系的我国法律则有不同的规定。薛教授从比较法的角度论述了技术进步对于版权法律制度的影响。

格第尼教授主题演讲题目为“知识产权与人工智能”。 古斯塔夫.格第尼教授首先肯定了中国经济和技术发展的强大实力，表示经济的腾飞伴随着科技的发展。人工智能无处不在，已经渗透到我们日常生活中的各个方面，古斯塔夫.格第尼教授从社会生活、实际事例等多个方面详细介绍了人工智能技术的应用。中国、美国、欧盟等国高度重视人工智能技术的发展，相继提出了发展人工智能的相关命令和战略政策。古斯塔夫.格第尼教授分析了欧盟关于人工智能三个层面风险及应对的文件，以及人工智能对版权主客体概念的深刻挑战，认为我国著作权法的立法与执法为全球法律发展树立了典范。薛教授与格第尼教授就有关法律问题进行了深入的对话与辩论。格第尼教授还热情地留下了联系方式方便为与会中外学生进行交流。

薛虹教授和古斯塔夫.格第尼教授的学术研讨会得到了中外与会者高度评价与赞誉，激发同学们的学习热情与信心，共同希望系列学术讲座能越办越好。